Jamie Oliver Essay Example for Free

Jamie Oliver Essay Jamie Oliver is a chef who has made a number of television programmes for Channel 4; in most of these programmes he is cooking and instructing the audience, although he is sometimes part of documentaries about food, for example in schools. His style of speech is very different to many of his contemporaries: he uses his distinctive style to present himself as a down to earth, friendly TV chef. Oliver is the only person talking in this transcript because he is cooking and explaining his actions for the TV show. The fact that he is cooking while talking means that there are numerous pauses in the transcript, for example ‘you wanna coat the bottom (3) of the pan’. The three second pause indicates that he is demonstrating this action on the programme; it is important in his role as a TV chef that he doesn’t just sit and talk through a recipe because viewers want to see the recipes being made and they also want to be entertained and kept interested by Oliver moving around in the kitchen. Other pauses suggest that, although this programme is probably scripted to some degree, Oliver is not reading from an autocue but retains an element of spontaneity to his speech. The pauses at the start of the transcript, ‘I got a pan (.) er the right size pan about (.) sort of seven inches’, are indicators of this spontaneity, as is the non-fluent ‘er’. Although sometimes a sign of nervousness, in this case I think the pauses help Oliver to appear normal, like his viewers, so they are more likely to attempt his recipes and, of course, buy his books. Jamie Oliver’s Esturary accent and his accompanying use of London slang are also distinctive features of his talk. Words such as ‘chivvy’ and ‘squiggle’ are colloquial and are not words we expect to hear on a cooking programme. We are used to words from the cooking semantic field such as ‘whisk’, ‘bake’, ‘stir’ but Oliver’s language use again makes him seem very normal, approachable and relaxed. As well as specifically accented words such as the dropping of the ‘h’ in ‘orrible’, Oliver’s elisions ‘gonna’, ‘wanna’ and ‘kinda’ demonstrate his relaxed tone. As well as using these to build a successful TV persona, Oliver could be using this informal language because he is concentrating more on the actual cooking and explaining the key details of the recipe rather than the functional language he uses. It is important that Oliver does not appear too bossy to his audience: they need to feel like they can relate to him; it is therefore important that he moderates his use of imperatives. Throughout the transcript, he softens his instructions to viewers: ‘about (.) sort of seven inches’; ‘I guess er that’s on a medium heat’; this lack of precision is encouraging to people watching his because it suggests this recipe is easy to follow. The self-deprecating suggestion that Oliver is not entirely sure of what he is doing, just guessing, means that he does not assume a too-powerful position in relation to his viewers. Again, he needs to appear imitable and not too complicated. He continues to reassure the audience by saying ‘where there’s a gap there don’t worry (.) just tilt the pan’. The pause after ‘don’t worry’ suggests that he is about to offer a solution to viewers in case they are worried about this issue. The word ‘just’ implies that the solution is simple and easy, so Oliver maintains his persona as the ‘friendly, easy’ TV chef in contrast with someone like Heston Blumenthal and his very technical, scientific recipes that cannot be replicated in ordinary kitchens. Although he tones down his instructions, it is necessary for Oliver to be as clear as possible about some aspects of the recipe, seen when he says ‘don’t rush it otherwise (1) if you cook eggs too hard and too fast †¦which we don’t like’. His instruction is very clear when he says ‘don’t rush it’ but he then moderates this by explaining the reason for saying it, ‘if†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢He goes on to use the first person plural pronoun ‘we’ to indicate that the audience is included in this decision about how eggs should taste, this is not just Jamie Oliver making a pronouncement that must be obeyed. In conclusion, Jamie Oliver uses many features of talk that are typical of TV chefs, such as numerous pauses and imperative instructions which are essential in his role, but he also has a very distinctive personal style of talk, characterised by his accent, use of slang and colloquial vocabulary. He uses his own idiolect to create a successful TV personality that viewers can relate to and follow as a cooking role model.

Chlorophyll Essay -- Research Paper Science Cancer Papers

Chlorophyll Research Paper Many studies in the area of cancer research are opening up new possibilities for cures and prevention measures. One area of research is directed at the effects that chlorophyll may have on cancer cells within the human body. Research is being conducted to investigate whether chlorophyll has important cancer fighting factors that may play a role in the destruction of cancer cells or whether it is an effective preventive agent. Intensive research for naturally occurring plant products which reduce genotoxic effects are driven by the increasing exposure of humans to environmental toxins (Sarkar, 1994). Experimental evidence indicates a strong relationship and connection between diet and cancer prevention. One’s food choices have been consistently shown to be a determinant factor of human cancer risk (Arbogast, 1995). A positive correlation was shown between the chlorophyll content of vegetable extract with the vegetables’ antimutagenic activity (Sarkar, 1994). Chlorophyll is of considerable interest as an anticarcinogenic substance because it is so abundant in the green vegetables that humans consume. Chlorophyll also has shown no toxic effects to humans (Arbogast, 1995). It is not clear however whether effective uptake of chlorophyll through diet would be enough to protect against certain types of cancers or whether one would need to take supplements along with a balanced diet (Ar bogast, 1995) Derivatives of chlorophyll may also be an important aid in preventing or managing cancer. Research indicates that foods yielding chlorophyll derivatives may play a major role in cancer prevention. Chlorophyll derivatives have a high affinity for tumor tissue in comparison to normal... ...y, S., Poretz, R., and Segelman, A. Effect of Dietary Chlorophyll Derivatives on Mutagenesis and Tumor Cell Growth. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis., 79 : 313-322, 1999. Hortensteiner, S., Ougham, H., and Thomas, H. Ring in the new, Ring out the old. IGER innovations., 1 : 1-5, 1998. McKinley, T. Class outline procedure protocol. Department of Biology. Concord College : 2002. Ross, C., Salisbury, F. Plant Physiology. Wadsworth Publishing Company., 3 : 181-183, 1985. Sarkar, D., Sharma, A., and Talukder, G. Chlorophyll and chlorophyllin as modifiers of genotoxic effects. Mutation Research., 318 : 239-247, 1994. Taiz, L., and Zeinger, E. Plant Physiology. The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company Inc. Redwood City, CA. : 179-218, 1991. Ting, I. Plant Physiology. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc., 1: 400, 1982.

How to Plan for a Listening and Speaking Lesson

How to plan For a Listening Skill Lesson Teacher | Observer | Date | Lesson number | Class level Elementary| Number of students| Timetable fit| Previous lesson: Reading and speaking skillThis lesson: Listening and speaking skillNext lesson: Listening and speaking skill| for the teacher)| To provide an engaging lessons for students and improving their listening skill. * To monitor closely and make sure the lesson is successful. | Objectives (for the students)| By the end of the lesson the students will: 1) Have practiced listening for gist of a radio program. 2) Have learnt the vocabulary related to professions/jobs.Language AnalysisForm Meaning PronunciationLexis in text Guess (v, present simple) supposeQuiz (n, sing) a test of knowledgeTeam (n, a group of playersUnemployed (v, past) Writer (n, sing)Guest (n, sing) a person who is invited to take part in a function by other personDepends (v, simple present) relyUniform (n, sing)Special qualifications (special= adjective, qualificati ons = noun, pl)A lot of (phrase) manyActor (n, sing) role player in drama or filmProfessional (adj) a person who has a professionFootballer (n, sing) who plays footballDo you work†¦? Where? When? How? Topic vocabularyJobs/professions| Assumed knowledge| The students know about different professions like doctor, footballer, and artist. They also know the difference between profession and hobby. | Anticipated problems | 1) This is a radio program some students may not understand it. Students may want to repeat it. 2) Weaker student may not understand the phrases and some of the vocabulary. 3) This can prevent them from completing the comprehension tasks. Solutions| 1. Check elicit before students listen. 2. Include review of vocabulary at the beginning. | Materials | Radio program: Guess the jobFlash cards/pictures of various people doing different jobsOther handouts: (comprehension Qs) – teacher’s own| | Interaction| Procedure| Rationale| 7 mins4 mins3 mins4mins| T -SS-ST-SST-S(pairs/triplets)| 1. Context setT elicits vocabulary related to jobs using picture. Drill if required. A) Where do people work? B) How do they work? When do they work? What kind of information you need to find out what is somebody’s job. Feedback- Pre-teach guess, Quiz, a lot of, unemployed, special qualifications. 2.Prediction taskStudents look at the picture and a) say what they can see and b) what is going on in the program. Feedback- teacher clarifies/elicits and write a brief summary on the board. | To motivate the students so that they take part in the lesson. To prepare the students for what is coming up. | Lesson Content Timing| Interaction| Procedure| Rationale| 3 mins3 mins3 mins 3 mins | SS-Ss-sT-SS| 3. 1st Listening (gist)Students listen to the program and tell whether they recognized the vocabulary. Did they find program what they have guessed before similar to the written on the board? Task- students write the answers in y/n on the handouts. Check wi th the partner. Feedback-check as class. | To know that the students have understood the program. |

Probability of a Large Straight in Yahtzee in One Roll

Yahtzee is a dice game that uses five standard six-sided dice. On each turn, players are given three rolls to obtain several different objectives. After each roll, a player may decide which of the dice (if any) are to be retained and which are to be rerolled. The objectives include a variety of different kinds of combinations, many of which are taken from poker. Every different kind of combination is worth a different amount of points. Two of the types of combinations that players must roll are called straights: a small straight and a large straight. Like poker straights, these combinations consist of sequential dice. Small straights employ four of the five dice and large straights use all five dice. Due to the randomness of the rolling of dice, probability can be used to analyze how likely it is to roll a large straight in a single roll. Assumptions We assume that the dice used are fair and independent of one another. Thus there is a uniform sample space consisting of all possible rolls of the five dice. Although Yahtzee allows three rolls, for simplicity we will only consider the case that we obtain a large straight in a single roll. Sample Space Since we are working with a uniform sample space, the calculation of our probability becomes a calculation of a couple of counting problems. The probability of a straight is the number of ways to roll a straight, divided by the number of outcomes in the sample space. It is very easy to count the number of outcomes in the sample space. We are rolling five dice and each of these dice can have one of six different outcomes. A basic application of the multiplication principle tells us that the sample space has 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 6 65 7776 outcomes. This number will be the denominator of all of the fractions that we use for our probabilities. Number of Straights Next, we need to know how many ways there are to roll a large straight. This is more difficult than calculating the size of the sample space. The reason why this is harder is because there is more subtlety in how we count. A large straight is harder to roll than a small straight, but it is easier to count the number of ways of rolling a large straight than the number of ways of rolling a small straight. This type of straight consists of five sequential numbers. Since there are only six different numbers on the dice, there are only two possible large straights: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Now we determine the different number of ways to roll a particular set of dice that give us a straight. For a large straight with the dice {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} we can have the dice in any order. So the following are different ways of rolling the same straight: 1, 2, 3, 4, 55, 4, 3, 2, 11, 3, 5, 2, 4 It would be tedious to list all of the possible ways to get a 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Since we only need to know how many ways there are to do this, we can use some basic counting techniques. We note that all that we are doing is permuting the five dice. There are 5! 120 ways of doing this. Since there are two combinations of dice to make a large straight and 120 ways to roll each of these, there are 2 x 120 240 ways to roll a large straight. Probability Now the probability of rolling a large straight is a simple division calculation. Since there are 240 ways to roll a large straight in a single roll and there are 7776 rolls of five dice possible, the probability of rolling a large straight is 240/7776, which is close to 1/32 and 3.1%. Of course, it is more likely than not that the first roll is not a straight. If this is the case, then we are allowed two more rolls making a straight much more likely. The probability of this is much more complicated to determine because of all of the possible situations that would need to be considered.

Essay on Social Networking in Business - 1149 Words

Mike Swanstrom 3/29/2010 Social Networking In Business Introduction Social networking in business is the study of individuals interacting socially for business purposes. This can be done either electronically, or not electronically. Usually when social networking occurs electronically, it is achieved through network-based interfaces. Social networking is primarily focused around one thing: connections. One can utilize every social network that exists (Facebook, Twitter, etc.), but unless there is some type of value being provided on that network, (some reason that others would want to connect with that person), they stand no chance of successfully using social networking to make any progress from a business standpoint. Facebook†¦show more content†¦Twitter – does it help Social Networking? Twitter is another popular social networking site, and is similar to Facebook in many ways, but also different in many ways. Twitter is beneficial to the social networking world, because it allows users to quickly and easily update those that care about their business on the internal goings on one’s company. Twitter also allows users to quickly and easily post updates about their ‘status’, and what they’re currently doing. Twitter is very popular among many celebrities and athletes, and is arguably more popular in that retrospect than Facebook. There are many reasons for this, and many are for subjective reasons. However, one reason is that Twitter is a more private social networking site than Facebook. The sole purpose of Twitter is to provide one’s status, and list only very broad information about the user. Facebook, on the other hand, usually contains m ore personal information in one’s profile. This private aspect is one reason that many celebrities and athletes prefer it over Facebook. Twitter utilizes the popular catchphrase â€Å"Tweet it.† Just completed a new product line? Tweet it. Just hired a new employee? Tweet it. Business is moving to a remote location? Tweet it. The ‘tweet it’ catchphrase was critical to the site’s success in the business world, as the lingo prompted users to observe Tweeter, and try it out. However, Twitter is stillShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking in Business1001 Words   |  5 PagesBusinesses today are growing more aware of trends in social and business networking to assist them in growing, developing products, services and the advertising to draw consumers to them in ever increasing numbers. â€Æ' Social Networking in Business Many businesses are using social networking to see what consumers are saying about products and what will likely be purchased by people. Companies such as Pizza Hut, Papa John’s and Sears are using networking sites. Someone can become a fan of Papa John’s onRead MoreSocial Networking in the Business World Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Business professionals today face challenges that just did not exist centuries ago. In a world of tough competition and ever-changing trends, to be successful and effective in business, you must constantly strive to stay one step ahead of your competitors, and be on the lookout for new ways to get noticed. Social networking has emerged as one of the latest trends in business today, and utilizing the social media for sales, marketing, and recruiting can drive your business and help itRead MoreImpact of Social Networking Websites on Business2519 Words   |  11 Pages IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES ON BUSINESS | Asheri George MatembeleApril 16, 2013 | Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Literature Review 3 Comparison of Social Networking Websites 5 Benefits of using social network websites for business 6 How to Use Social Networking Websites for Business 8 Problems Associated with Social Networking Websites 10 Conclusion 10 References 11 Abstract A social networking website is a social structure build-up of individuals or organizationsRead MoreBenefits Of Social Networking On Small Business2027 Words   |  9 Pagesbenefits might social networking websites offer to small business? There are so many benefits social networking websites offer to small businesses. When an individual starts a business, the main motive for starting the business is profit and to achieve that the company must be recognized, before the internet became available small business struggled to get recognition and there no proper way to make sure that their business existed but the arrival of internet changed all this ex specially social networkingRead MoreSocial Networking in Business and Human Resources2312 Words   |  10 PagesSocial Networking in Business and Human Resources Rebecca Moriarty Troy University Introduction to Information Systems IS 3300 XTIB Dr. Rodger Morrison February 27, 2011 With the growth and explosion of popularity of the internet in the recent past, there has been a significant increase in the use of social networking sites. More than ever people and businesses are now using the internet with the purpose of having access to social networking sites. It is in these sitesRead MoreImpact of Social Networking Websites on Business2526 Words   |  11 Pages IMPACT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING WEBSITES ON BUSINESS | Asheri George MatembeleApril 16, 2013 | Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Literature Review 3 Comparison of Social Networking Websites 5 Benefits of using social network websites for business 6 How to Use Social Networking Websites for Business 8 Problems Associated with Social Networking Websites 10 Conclusion 10 References 11 Abstract A social networking website is a social structure build-up of individuals or organizationsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Networking On Business1769 Words   |  8 PagesBy the use of blogs business organisation can share the information about their brand, new product and customer service awareness and also the links where they can get product easily. The blog is the best way to aware the customer about the usage, precaution relating to the usage of products. The blog is significant tool for business as they can get the feedback and comments regarding the product from customers (Laroche et al., 2013). The authors also concluded that business should focus on the creatingRead MoreTitle : the Enhancement of Social Networking Tools in Business1099 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough networking, precisely social networking to enquire tremendous methods for problem solving. This study represents a research on the influence impact social networking tools has done to business env ironments. Studies have shown that most SMEs rise with the help of social network has developed its own platform to encourage entrepreneurs to exceed at the highest level possible to be able to compete in the major market. The major findings have emerged as follows: A) Since social networking toolsRead MoreSocial Networking And Relationships : Comparing Business Models1906 Words   |  8 PagesNicole Van Cleve LEAD 861 Megan Church-Nally June 18, 2016 Social Networking and Relationships: Comparing Business Models to Education Models In a society where we spend more time with the people we work with than our own families, Social Relationships in the workplace could not be more important. In order for our work to feel satisfactory we must connect and maintain social relationships and networks. Social communication is almost as important in the workplace as the actual work itself is. ItRead MoreEffects of Social Networking on Business Growth Development3775 Words   |  16 PagesCHAPTER ONE introduction The advent of the Atomic or Space Age has focused attention on the specific approach to business decision making. In no field of management has this been more pronounced than in the field of marketing. Following naturally from the more advanced technologically progress and higher standard of living in Canada, the United States and other developed economies, scientific marketing has made greater strides in North America than if has anywhere else in the world. The

Writing A Story Of Revenge And Feel Better Without Break...

They say that they like series of articles and that they allow linking from one article to another within the website. If that is the case, it may be a good idea to submit a series of these over time. For example, each of the headers could be used as the topic of another article. For example, â€Å"How to write a story of revenge† or â€Å"How to write a story of revenge and feel better without break the law.† This article could then be re-edited to include reciprocal links to the articles within the website. ESSAYS-33135 #14 How to deal with emotional difficulties with the help of writing Writing has the power to allow you to communicate feelings and ideas with a large group of people, but many are unaware that writing also has a therapeutic quality. It is quite possible to use the act of writing to soften and heal your emotional difficulties. In addition, whilst you are healing, you may also inadvertently create some truly fantastic fictional content. Warning - To All Writer Our There Writing can help with your emotional troubles in more ways than I can articulate. There have been times in my life when I have experienced the worst hardships, and yet in some way, the act of writing helped make me feel better and even more well adjusted as a person. However, writing is a very solitary and isolated hobby, so if you take it up as a profession, you have to know when to give it a rest for a while. Being isolated and solitary for extended periods can sometimes make your emotionalShow MoreRelatedFrancis Bacon: Of Revenge - Exploratory Analysis Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Noe Ayala Dr. Wilson Composition II 11/12/13 Revenge: Is an eye for an eye what is best? Sir Francis Bacon was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator and author. In 1597 he wrote a short story called â€Å"Of Revenge†. When I came across the short story in my book Reading Literature and Writing Argument I became interested in the story after reading the title. Revenge always happens to be a very interesting topic, typically filled with drama or action. After reading I beganRead MoreChasing Your Liberty. Merriam-Webster’S Dictionary Defines1847 Words   |  8 Pagesquestioning a lot of what I had been taught throughout grade school. What They Fought For 1861-1865 invested a slightly different opinion on what I thought the war truly meant to the people who had fought in the Civil War. While there are two sides to every story, there was certainly two sides to what these braves souls believed they were fighting for, whether they were part of the Union or sided with the Confederacy. What They Fought For 1861-1865 by James M. McPherson gives detailed accounts from both theRead MoreEssay on Saying Please Chap 173185 Words   |  13 Pagescarrying a comment on manner too far. Discourtesy is not a legal offence, and it does not excuse assault and battery. If a burglar breaks into my house and I knock him down, the law will acquit me, and if I am physically assaulted, it will permit me to retaliate with reasonable violence. It does this because the burglar and my assailant have broken quite definite commands of the law, but no legal system could attempt to legislate against bad manners, or could sanction the use of violence against somethingRead MoreProblems and Aspirations of Youth as Highlighted in the Novels of Chetan Bhagat5079 Words   |  21 PagesHIGLIGHTED IN THE NOVELS OF CHETAN BHAGAT INTRODUCTION: Trying hands on contemporary writing and then reigning over hearts of millions is not that easy as has been proved by one of the prominent writers of the day – Chetan Bhagat. Very few authors have managed to reach out to such a wide audience as Chetan Bhagat. There is originality of content in his writings and when he writes people feel as if it is their story. He is a phenomenon that has affected everybody, touched everybody’s life. Indian PublishingRead More The Role of Alfieri in Miller’s A View from the Bridge Essay7327 Words   |  30 Pagescommentator and at other times we see him as Arthur Millers mouthpiece moving the action quickly onwards explaining and interpreting the action for the audience. The structure of the play is very important to the content of the performance. The story is set out in two very definite acts which is important to the audience and their understanding of the play. The events of Act I are mirrored in Act II, although in a more serious manner. For instance, the recital of ‘Paper Doll’ by Rodolfo early inRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pagesliterary work Literature is writing that can be read in many ways. We can read it as a form of history, biography, or autobiography. We can read it as an example of linguistic structures or rhetorical conventions manipulated for special effect. We can view it as a material product of the culture that produced it. We can see it as an expression of beliefs and values of a particular class. We can also see a work of literature as a selfcontained structure of words - as writing that calls attention to itselfRead MorePsychoanalysis of Medea2843 Words   |  12 Pages In order to get a true picture of Medea, the myth of Medea should be examined. Ovid has given a picture of Medea in his Metamorphoses. Patricia B. Salzman Mitchell describes the psychology of Medea, as portrayed in Ovids Metamorphoses: When her story begins in Book 7, she is no more than a girl, but a girl who promptly falls in love and would give it all to gain her beloved. Her desire springs from an image of Jason. The text first describes how she became passionate for the hero (concipit intereaRead More Horrors of Ghetto Life Exposed in Whoreson and Dopefiend Essay4078 Words   |  17 Pagesjail-because he was supporting himself and his heroin addiction by taking part in many illegal activities. During the last of his many prison terms, Goines finally found his way out of having to rely on crime for his way of living. He did this by writing about his life on the streets. His first two books, Whoreson and Dopefiend, were actually written during his last prison term. One critic of Goines, his biographer Eddie Stone, says the following about these books: Whoreson, like most of Donald GoinessRead MoreThe Theme of Isolation in Various Literature2569 Words   |  11 Pagesof research, writing, and speculation has resulted from the famous arctic pursuit of the mad trapper by the R.C.M.P. during the winter of 31 and 32. The attempts to reveal some understanding of the unorthodox manhunt which still even today remains futile, have lead Rudy Weibe to provide us with a fascinating perspective on the story itself. Spike Millen is the leader of the manhunt who undergoes changes as the novel progresses. He begins as a dedicated competent and helpful law enforcement officerRead MoreA Short Analysis of Aeschylus Agamemnon4558 Words   |  19 Pagesprovides a time lapse to allow the watchman to inform Clytaemnestra of the news of the fall of Troy and directs the audience by informing them that it has been ten years since Agamemnon set out for Troy. The reason for this war is Pariss betrayal of the laws of hospitality by stealing Helen from Menelaus. • Agamemnon and Menelaus are likened to vultures robbed of their young, the agony sends them frenzied where Helen equates to their young. The vultures are described they row their wings another

Massed Practice And Dictributive Practice Essay Example For Students

Massed Practice And Dictributive Practice Essay Running head: MASSED PRACTICE AND DICTRIBUTIVE PRACTICEThe Effects of Massed Practice and Distributive Practice on Motor Skill Task. Evelyn DelgadoQueens College/ City University of New YorkAbstractOver a century scientist have wonder if massed practice conditions are superior to distributive practice conditions or visa versa. According to a mete-analytic review scientists have researched this very phenomenon and have concluded that distributive practices conditions are superior to those of massed practice conditions in a variety of situations. These results are supported by Maureen Bergondys experiment on team practice schedules as well as William C. Chaseys experiment on distribution of practice on learning retention and relearning. This experiment deals with the relationship between conditions of massed practice and distributive practice with respect to task performance. The motor skill task performed by subjects in this study wrote the English alphabet upside down fifty times. One group was given the massed practice motor task; while subjects from the five other groups practiced the motor task under five diffe rent distributions of time. However, our findings do not support those of previous findings. Our mixed factorial experiment with 51 subjects indicates that neither massed practice conditions or distributive practice conditions were superior. Therefore, the subjects acquisition of the motor task did not improve as a result of massed or distributed practice, but rather as the result of practice alone. Massed Practice and Distributive PracticeMassed practice conditions are those in which individuals practice a task continuously without rest. While distributive practice conditions are those in which individuals are given rest intervals within the practice session. This mixed factorial experiment with 51 subjects deals with the effects of massed practice and distributive practice with respect to acquisition of motor task. The questioned posed in this study is whether distributive practice will be more effective than massed practice in helping individuals to learn motor skill tasks. Scien tists have wondered if massed practice conditions are superior to distributive practice conditions or visa versa. A mete-analytic review conducted by Donovan Radosevich researched this very phenomenon and concluded that distributive practices conditions are superior to massed practice conditions with respect to task performance. The analysis consisted of 63 studies with 112 effects sizes yield an overall mean weighted effect size of 0.46, indicating that individuals in distributive practice condition performed significantly higher that those in massed practice conditions. Like wise these results are supported by Maureen Bergondys experiment on team practice schedules as well as William C. Chaseys experiment on distribution of practice on learning retention and relearning. Maureen Bergondys experiment deals with the importance of practice schedules that optimize learning skills. Teams practiced under either a massed or distributive practice schedule and were tested under a short-term or long-term retention intervals. These results support once more the distributive practice effect for learning. William C. Chaseys experiment on distribution of practice on learning retention and relearning was conducted on a group of 72 randomly assigned retarded boys. The stabilometer task was used to study the difference between massed practice and distributive practice on initial acquisition retention, and relearning of gross motor skills. The results of this experiment support the general idea that distributive practice was superior to massed practice conditions for initial skills acquisition. In the present study the task being learned by participants is fairly easy, writing the English Alphabet upside down from right to left. The purpose of the present study is to see if there is a systematic increase of correct letters printed as the periods of rest increase. We also want to see if there is an effect of practice. Furthermore we also want to see if there is an interaction between trials sets and distribution of practice. From the acquired data we hypothesize subjects in conditions 1 wil l write less letters at trial 30 than subjects in condition 5. This do to the distributive practice condition given to condition 5 oppose to that of the massed practice condition give to condition 1. MethodParticipantsThere were fifty-five subjects out of which four were excluded for failure to following instructions. Nineteen Experimental Psychology 213 students from Queens College participated in the experiment as subjects and experimenters to meet a course requirement and 36 subject that where recruited by different students with in the class. The nineteen students were randomly assigned to six conditions using block randomization, while the recruited subjects had conditions randomly assigned to them. The age of the sample varied from seventeen years of age to fifty years of age. Out of the sample there were four left-handed and two ambidextrous individuals. No one had any gross motor-impairments and were fluent in the English language. Material ; ApparatusThe time was recorded i n seconds therefore the instrument need to record the duration of the performed task as well as the rest period if there were one required a second indicator. Some experimenters used the clock in the control panel of the Microsoft Windows program installed on IBM compatible computer to keep time, and some used either a stop- watch, or a clock with a second timer. Participants were instructed to have a pencil or pen and sheets of paper, to perform the inverted alphabet-writing task, to study the effectiveness of massed or distributive practice conditions. 12 Angry Men EssayChasey, William, (1976). Distribution of Practice Effects on Learning Retention and Relearning by Retarded Boys. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1976, 43, 159-164. Donovan, John J., and Radosevich David J., (1999). A Meta-Analytic Review of Distribution of Practice Effect: Now You See it now you Dont. Journal of Applied Psychology. 1999, Vol. 84, No.5 Pages 795-805. Table 1Up side Down AlphabetTrial 1Trial 2 Table 2Mean of Letters Correctly Printed. Conditions 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 All0 sec(N=11) .22.65 23.04 24.75 24.84 24.8 26.89 25.95 27.58 27.73 27.73 25.65 sec.(N=9) 17.45 20.87 22.69 23.8 24.47 25.09 25.11 26.04 26.42 26.64 23.86 10 sec(N=10) 21.42 23.94 25.1 25.68 27.71 27.3 29.82 29.9 29.3 31.24 27.0215 sec.(N=6) . 20.37 21.93 23.97 25 26.13. 26.63 27.8 28.4 28.73 27.5 25.67 20 sec.(N=8) 23.28 26.75 27.15 28.23 29.9 30.33 30.15 31.6 31.55 32.25 29.1225 sec. (N=7) 22.89 25.86 25.4 27.6 27.14 28.17 29.34 29.23 29.97 30.71 27.63 All(N=51) 21.37 23.57 24.83 25.73 26.47 27.43 27.9 28.72 28.83 29.32 Figure CaptionFigure 1. Main Effect of Conditions (Rest Periods). Figure 2. Main Effect of Trials. Figure 3. Interaction Between Conditions and Trials. BibliographyReferencesBergondy Maureen, (1998). Team Practice Schedules: What to do we know? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1998,87, 31-34. Chasey, William, (1976). Distribution of Practice Effects on Learning Retention and Relearning by Retarded Boys. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1976, 43, 159-164. Donovan, John J., and Radosevich David J., (1999). A Meta-Analytic Review of Distribution of Practice Effect: Now You See it now you Dont. Journal of Applied Psychology. 1999, Vol. 84, No.5 Pages 795-805. Psychology Essays